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ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื” ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืื—ื™ ื•ืจืขื™! ื“ืข ืœืš ืฉื”ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”'ืื”ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ' ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืœืคื•ืจืงื™ ืขื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื“ืฉื• ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืœืขืฆืžื ืข"ืค ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ืœืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื "ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื, ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื ืืช ื“ื‘"ืง ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ื•ื•ืœื™ื ืขืจ ื–ื™ืข"ื, ืžืจื’ื ื™ืชื ื˜ื‘ื, ืื”ื‘ืช ื—ืกื“ ืกืข' ื™ื–

ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื—ื‘ืจื• ื•ืœืจื“ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžืœืื• ื“ืœื ืชืฉื ื, ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืจืฉืข ื’ืžื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื ืืชื• ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—, ืฉืžื ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ. ืจืง ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื”ื• ื”' ืขืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœืžื”.


ืื‘ืœ ืคืชืื•ื ื›ืœ ื”'ืื”ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ' ืฉืœื”ื ื ืขืœืžืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื• ืื– ืคืชืื•ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”'ื”ื•ื›ื— ืชื•ื›ื™ื—' ื”ืฉื›ื ื•ื”ืขืจื™ื‘ ืžืงื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ,


ื•ืœื ื™ื ื™ื—ื• ื™ื“ื ื‘ืฆืœื—ืช ืืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ื•ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื™ื ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœื›ืš ืข"ื™ ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช, ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืžืืžืจื™ื, ืกื˜ื™ืงืจื™ื, ื›ืจื–ื•ืช, ื™ืžื™ ืขื™ื•ืŸ, ืกืคืจื™ื, ืฆืžื™ื“ื™ื, ืขืœื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืกืชื•ืช ืœืจืฆื—, ืคื•ืœืกื ื“ื ื•ืจื, ื•ืžื” ืœื ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื™ืฉืžืขืืœื™ื...


ื•ืžื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื ื“ื•-ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ื•ื—ื ืคื ื™ื, ืฉืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืชืจื™"ื’ ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืก ืžืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ 'ื”ื•ื›ื— ืชื•ื›ื™ื—'... - ื•ืขืœ ื›ืช ื–ื• ื ืืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืคื ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืชื ื‘ื“ื‘"ืง ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ 'ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™' ื–ื™ืข"ื, ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข, ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืœื ืข"ื‘

ืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื... ื•ืจื•ื— ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืจืžื– ืœื—ื ื™ืคื•ืช[1], ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื–ืจื™ื— ืื•ืจ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ืื“ื ืฉืžื—ื ื™ืฃ ืœื• ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื—ื•. ื•ืืžืจ ืขื•ื“ ืจื•ื— ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืงืจ, ืžื ืฉื‘ ืขื ื›ื•ืœื, ืฉื”ืžื—ื ืฃ ื•ื”ืœื™ืฆืŸ ื•ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข, ื›ื•ืœื ืžืœืื™ื ืฉืงืจื™ื, ื“ืžืœืื›ืชื ืชืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื™ื“ื ืข"ื™ ื”ืฉืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
...ื•ืจื•ื— ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื ืงืจื ื”ื•ื•"ื ืฉืจืง"ื™[2], ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื— ืงืฉื” ื•ื—ื...

ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื” ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื” ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

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ืื‘ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืฉื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ืงื ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืง' ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉืช ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืคืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื•ืช



ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ื‘"ืจ ืืจื™ื” ื–ืื‘ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ 'ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื' ื–ื™ืข"ื, ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ืœืœ ื—' ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™"ื’

ืึถืœึธึผื ื›ึฐึผืœึทืœ ื”ึทื“ึฐึผื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผืงึดืฆึผื•ึผืจ ื”ื•ึผื ื›ึธึผืšึฐ, ื›ึธึผืœ ืึดื™ืฉื ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืžึฐืฆึปื•ึถึผื”, ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืœึฐืงึทื‘ึตึผืœ ืœึธืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืจึธืข ืขึทืœ ืฉืื•ึผื ืึธื“ึธื ืžึดื™ึดึผืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ, ื—ื•ึผืฅ ืžึตืขึทืœ ืึถืคึผึดื™ืงื•ึนืจึฐืกึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึทืœึฐืฉืึดื™ื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื›ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฆึตื ื‘ึฐึผืึตืœึผื•ึผ, ืื•ึนืชึธื, ืฉืึถื™ึธึผืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืžึดื›ึฐึผืœึทืœ "ืขึฒืžึดื™ืชึถืšึธ".



ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืขืจ ืกืืœืื•ื•ื™ื™ืฆื™ืง ื–ื™ืข"ื

ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืขืจ ืกืืœืื•ื•ื™ื™ืฆื™ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ (ื‘ืŸ ืžืจืŸ ื”ื’ืจื™"ื– ื–ื™ืข"ื) ืกื™ืคืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืขืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ื ืžืฆื ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ืขืœ ื›ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ืช ื‘ื”ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืœื™ืฉื ื ื‘ื™ืฉื".



ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ื‘"ืจ ืืจื™ื” ื–ืื‘ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ 'ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื' ื–ื™ืข"ื, ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื“ืขืช ืชื•ืจื”

ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืกื“ื” ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช (ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืืจื’ืขื ื–ืืฆื™ืข) ื‘ืงืฉื• ืขืกืงื ื™ื ืžื”ื ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœ ืจืœื™ืฃ ื‘ืืžืขืจื™ืงื ืฉืชืžืš ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืœื™ื˜ื, ืฉื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช "ื›ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ืœื ืฆื™ื•ื ื™" ื•ื‘ืจืžื– ื›ื™ ืกืจื•ื‘ื• ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช. ืืžืจ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ืกื’ืจื• ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืœื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืชืช ื™ื“ ืœืคื•ืฉืขื™ื.



ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืžืืžืจื™ื ืื•ื ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืžื”, ื”' ื—ื•ืงืช ืชืฉื™"ื’

ื›ืฉื ืกืขื• ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืชื ื—ื“ื ืžืจืŸ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจ' ื–. ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืจื‘ื™ ื–. ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืฆื“ื•. ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื“ืจืš ืคืชื— ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ืืช ืคื™ื• ื”ืง' ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืจื‘ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืช ื”"ืžื–ืจื—ื™".
ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืจ' ื–. ื•ืืžืจ ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ืกืคืจ ืื—ื“ ื•ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื•, ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื›ื™ ืื™ืœื• ืจืื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”. ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ืืžื ื ื’ื ืื ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืกืคืจ ื–ื”, ื™ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื–ื” ื•ื–ื” ื•ื™ื•ื•ื›ื— ื›ื™ ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืืฃ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืกืคืจ...



ืจื‘ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ ื‘"ืจ ืžืฉื” ืืจื™ื” ืจืื–ื ื‘ืขืจื’ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื, ืžืฉื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื[4]

ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื™' ืคืขื ืฉื“ืจืฉ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืื—ืช ื•ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ื•ืœื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”.
ืงื ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืข ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื“ืจืฉืŸ, ื•ืงืจื ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืžื” "ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืืš ืœื ืžื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ืกืคืจ "ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื" ื•ืฉื ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข...


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[1] ืžืกื›ืช ื™ื•ืžื, ื“ืฃ ืคื• ืข"ื‘

ืžืคืจืกืžื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื ืคื™ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืžืฆื“ืงื• ื•ืขืฉื” ืขื•ืœ ื•ื ืชืชื™ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืขื›ื‘ืช ื”ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื ื—ืชื ืขืœื™ื• ื’ื–ืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืช ืจืฉืขื™ื ืกื•ืคื” ืชืงืœื” ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืจืช ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ื” ืขืจื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ืœื” ื•ืขืจื•ื ื™ืฆื ืžืžื ื” ื•ืœื•ืื™ ืฉืชื”ื ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื›ื‘ื™ืื”


ืจืฉ"ื™ ื”ืง' ื–ื™ืข"ื, ืฉื

ืžืคืจืกืžื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื ืคื™ืŸ - ืฉื”ืŸ ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ืžืจืื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžืŸ ื›ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ืื ื™ืฉ ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืคืจืกืžื• ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื, ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืžืขืฉื™ื•, ืฉืกื‘ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื•ืขื•ื“, ื›ืฉื‘ื ืขืœื™ื• ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื” ื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื• ื–ื›ื•ืชื•:


[2] ื•ื–ื” ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืœืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื”ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉืงืจื™ื, ืฉืจืง"ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืื•ืชื™ื•ืช 'ืฉืงืจ'


[3] ืจื™ื™ื ืก


[4] ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช:

ืžืฉื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื

ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ืื’ื•ื“ื”, ืžื“ื™ื ืชื, ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืชื‘ื“ืœื•ืช, ืงื‘ืœืช ื›ืกืคื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื“.

ืžืœื—ืžืช ืžืฆื•ื” ื›ืจื™ื›ื” - ื”ื“ืžื™ื”_edited.jpg
ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืงื“ืžื™ืช - ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ืก.jpg
ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืจ-ื›ื•ื–ื™ื‘ื.jpg
ื”ื“ืžื™ื” ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื”ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ ืืชื›ื-ื—ื ื•ืช.jpg
ื”ื“ืžื™ื” ืกืคืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื”ืจ.jpg

ืื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ 'ืื”ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ' (ืฉืื™ื ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ).

            

ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ื ืชืงืœืช ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ-ืžื”, ืื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื ืฉืžื— ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื.

ืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื ื•

  • ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื”ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ ืืชื›ื ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ
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