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ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”?

ืžื” ื ืืžืจ ื•ืžื” ื ื’ื™ื“ ื›ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื "ืœ ืœื ืจืง ืฉืžืœื ืกืชื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืœื•ืคื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฉืžืชื™ ืœื‘ ื‘ืงืจืื™ ื‘ื•, ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืฆืืชื™ ื’' ืžืืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžืงื“ืžืช ื“ื ื ืžืขืช ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื "ืœ ื›ืชื‘ื• ืžื” ื”ื ืื•ืชื ืกื™ืœื•ืคื™ื, ื•ืื ื™ ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ืขื–"ื™.



ืจื‘ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘"ืจ ืฉืœื•ื ืงืจื•ื™ื–[1] ื–ื™ืข"ื, ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื‘"ื[2]

ืจืื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉื "ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”" ื™ื›ื•ื ื”, ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ื ื• ื—ื“ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื™ืฆืื• ืžื” ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืชื›ืœื™ืชื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืœืงื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื—ื–ืง ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื—ื• ืœื”ื• ืืžื•ื—ื ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื•ื ืชื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื™ื˜ืชื ืืฆืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืจืื™ ื”' ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช.


ืืžื ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆื ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืขื•ื”"ืค ืœื—ื–ืง ืฉื™ื˜ืชื ื”ื›ื•ื–ื‘ืช ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื‘ื ืขื ืื™ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื”ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžืขื˜ ื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ื‘ื“ืฃ ื™"ื’ ื"ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ืžื–ื•ื”"ืง ืคืงื•ื“ื™ ืจืœ"ื˜ ื‘, ื“ื›ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื ืกื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื"ื™ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื. ืชืžื•ื”, ื”ืœื ืฉื ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ืžืฆื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื“ืžืฉ"ื” ืœื ืขืฉื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืกื™ื ื›ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืขื–ืจื ื“ื’ืจื ื”ื—ื˜ื ื“ื ืฉื™ื ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืกื›ื ื”, ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉื’ื ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืขืœื• ืขื ืขื–ืจื, ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื“ื—ื˜ื ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ื ืกื™ื, ื›"ืฉ ื›ืขืช ื‘ืขื•ื•ื”"ืจ ื•ื“"ืœ ืื™ืš ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื ืกื™ื.


ื‘ืค"ื’ ื“ืฃ ื›"ื— ืžื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื’ืื•ืœื” ืžื‘ืขืœ ื—"ื— ื–"ืœ ืžืžืืžืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ. ืชืžื•ื”, ืื™ืš ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื’ืžืจื ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื— ืข"ื ื“ืื™ืŸ ื‘"ื“ ื‘ื ืขื“ ืฉืชื›ืœื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ืœื” ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ"ื™ ื–"ืœ ืฉืœื ืชื”ื ืœื”ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ื ื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืœื” ื•ื“ืœื”. ื•ืขืœ ื”ื—"ื— ืœ"ืง ื“ื‘ื™ืžื™ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉ"ื” ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืงืฉื”.


ืฉื ืื•"ื‘ ื“ืœ"ื‘ ืžื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆ"ื— ืข"ื ืืจ"ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ ืงืฅ ืžื’ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื' ื•ืืชื ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ืคื›ื ืชืชื ื• ื•ืคืจื™ื›ื ืชืฉืื• ืœืขืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื“ื›"ื– ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื ื•ืชื ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื›ืฉืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื–ื” ืงืฅ ืžื’ื•ืœื”, ืข"ื› ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื ื‘ื“ืœ"ื” ื•ื–"ืœ ื•ื›ืขืช ื‘"ื” ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื• ืฉื”ืืจืฅ ื ื•ืชื ืช ืคืจื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืคื” ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืงืฅ ืžื’ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื” ืขื›"ื“. ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ ืื—ื“ ื—ื•ืœืง ืข"ื– ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื ื ื’ื“ ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื•ืคื™' ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื. ื•ืชืžื” ืืงืจื ืขืœื™ื•, ื”ืื™ืš ื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™' ืžื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืฆื” ืœืคืจืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•, ืฉื™ืฆืžื—ื• ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื"ื™, ื”ืœื ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืฆ"ื— ืข"ื ื‘ื“"ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ ืงืฅ ื“ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื›ืฉื™ื’ื“ืœื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืข"ื™ ื ืก ื–ื”ื• ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœืงืฅ ืžื’ื•ืœื”.


ื•ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื‘"ื“ ื‘ืจืื“ื™ ื–"ืœ, ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื’ืจืชื• ืฉืฉืžืข ืžื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจ' ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืจื’ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉืขืชื™ื“ื” ื"ื™ ืฉืชื•ืฆื™ื ื’ืœื•ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืžื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื“ืื’ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืช[3], ื•ืข"ื› ืฉื™ื’ื“ืœื• ืข"ื™ ื ืก, ื•ื“ื•ืงื ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœืงืฅ ืžื’ื•ืœื”, ื•ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ[4].


ื‘ืค"ื• ืื•"ื’ ื“ืค"ื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืชืœื•ื™' ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ื“ืขืช ื”ืจื“"ืง ื“ืจ"ื ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœืจ"ื™ ืฉื ื’ืืœื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืชื ืื™ ืจืง ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ืืชืžื”ื”, ื”ืœื ื”ืจื“"ืง ื‘ื”ื•ืฉืข ื’' ืค"ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื–"ืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืขืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืฉื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื "ื™ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื›ื•' ืื™ืŸ ืžืจืื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื—ื–ืจื• ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืคื—ื“ื• ืืœ ื”' ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื™ืงื•ื• ืขื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื™ืชื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื™ืช ืคื•ืœื—ื“ื ื“ื”' ื•ื›"ืค ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื ืค"ื” ืค"ื™ ื•ื–"ืœ, ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืจืื™ื• ื•ื›ื•' ื›ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื›"ืœ, ื”ืจื™ ืžื”ืจื“"ืง ื“ื“ื•ืงื ืข"ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.


ื•ืจืื” ื‘ื™ืฉ"ืž ืค' ืžืงืฅ ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืชื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ืค"ื– ื“ืฆ"ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืฉื”"ืฉ ื•ื–"ืœ ื‘ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืžืœื›ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื ื™ืœื›ื• ืœื"ื™ ืขื›"ืœ. ื•ื–ื” ืชื™ืžื ืžืื“ ื”ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืœื’[5] ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื–"ืœ ื“ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืงื ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘"ื“, ื“ื–"ืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื–"ืœ ื•ืื—"ื› ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื—ืžืคื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื•ืฉืžื• ืœื”ื ืจืืฉ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘"ื“ ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื‘ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืžืœื›ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื›ื•' ืขื›"ืœ[6].


ื•ื"ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืžืฉื™ื— ืœืžื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืขื–ืจืชื, ื™"ืœ ื“ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื“ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืชื‘ื ื‘ืœื ื›ืœื™ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื›"ื ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื›ืžื” ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืขื”"ื› ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื˜' ืค"ื’ ืขื ื™ ื•ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ, ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื“ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช, ืจ"ืœ ื‘ืœื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื‘ืœื™ ื—ืจื‘ ืจืง ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ื™ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื—.


ื‘ืื•ืช ื˜ ื“ืฃ ืงื™"ื’ ืžื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื”"ืง ืžืจื•ื–ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ืืžืจ, ื“ื›ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื ืœื"ื™ ืžืžื™ืœื ืชื‘ื ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ืจืง ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืชืขืจื•ืชื ื“ืœืชืชื ืข"ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ืขื›"ื“. ืืžื ื ื”ืืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ืฉ"ื™ ืฉื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืžื”ืจืฉ"ืง ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉืฉืžืข ืžื”ืฆื”"ืง ืจ"ืž ืžืคืจื™ืžื™ืฉืœืืŸ ื–ื™"ืข ืฉืกื™ืคืจ ืœื• ื“ื›ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืฆื”"ืง ืžืจื•ื–ื™ืŸ ื–ื™"ืข ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™' ืœื"ื™ ืืžืจ ืฉื’ื ืœื‘ื• ื™ื—ื™ืœ ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ื™ื“ืจื•ืš ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ืขื•ื– ืœื”ืจื™ื ืจืืฉ ื ื’ื“ ืื–ื”ืจืช ื—ื–"ืœ ื’' ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.


ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื’' ืื‘"ื“ ื‘ืจืื“ื™ ืฉืฉืžืข ืžื”ืจื”"ืง ืžืกืื“ื™ื’ื•ืจื ื–"ืœ ืฉืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืจื”"ืง ืžืจื•ื–ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืืžืจ ืžื™ ื‘ื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”' ืœืืžื•ืจ ืœื• ื›ืŸ ืชืขืฉื”, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื”"ืง ืžืงืืกื•ื‘ ื•ืžื”ื”"ืง ืžืจื•ื–ื™ืŸ ื–"ืœ ืฉืืžืจื•, ืฉืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื– ืื”ืคื•ืš ืืœ ืขืžื™ื ืฉืคื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืœืงืจื•ื ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื ื”' ื•ืœืขื‘ื“ื• ืฉื›ื ืื—ื“, ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืืชื—ืœืชื ื“ื’ืื•ืœื” ืขื›"ื“. ื”ืจื™ ื“ื“ืขืช ื”ื”"ืง ืžืจื•ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืคืš ืžืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ื•ื.


ื‘ืค"ื˜ ืขืžื•ื“ ืงืข"ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ื“ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ื›ืœืœ ื”ืฉืœืฉ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™' ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›"ื› ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื ื“ื ื•ื“ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ ืขื›"ืœ. ื•ื–ื” ื’"ื› ืชืžื•ื” ืžืื“, ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื–"ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ืœื"ื™ ืขื“ ืฉืชื—ืคืฅ ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื’ืื•ืœ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื›"ืœ (ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืžืœืงื˜: ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืกืคื”"ืง 'ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื”ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ ืืชื›ื' ื“ืฉื ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืžื›ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื—"ื— ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•).


ื”ืจื”"ืฆ ืžื”ืจ"ื ืžืฆืื ื– ื–"ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืกืคื”"ืง ื‘ืฉื ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื–ื™"ืข ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื™ืขืœื” ื”ืฉื—ืจ ื•ืื ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื™ืขืคื™ืœื• ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื” ืื– ื•ื™ืžืฉ ื—ืฉืš ื—"ื• ืขื›"ื“.


ื‘ืื•ื”ื—ื”"ืง ืค' ื‘ื—ืงื•ืชื™ ืขื”"ื› ื•ื”ืจื™ืงื•ืชื™ ืื—ืจื™ื›ื ื—ืจื‘ ื›ืชื‘ ื—ื“ื” ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ืื ื—"ื• ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœืฉ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.


ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืืจื™ื”"ืง ืฉื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืžืชืžื”ืžืช ื•ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื“ื•ื—ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืฅ,


ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืžื”ืจ"ื ืžื˜ืฉืขืจื–ืขืฅ ืฉื”ืจื”"ืง ืžื”ืจ"ืฉ ืžื‘ืขืœื– ื–ื™"ืข ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืืจื–ื™ื ื’ื‘ื”ื• ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœื• ืœื”ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ืื–ื”ืจืช ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉืœื ื™ื“ื—ืงื• ื”ืงืฅ. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื ื“ื—ื” ื’ื ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงืค"ื– ืฉื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”.


ื•ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงืค"ื– ืฉื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื• ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืขื›ื•"ื ื‘ื˜ืœื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื ืชื‘ื˜ืœื” ื’ื ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื• ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืŸ, ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืื•ื”"ื— ื”ืง' ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉื”"ืฉ ื‘' ืคืกื•ืง ื–' ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืืฃ ืฉื™ืกื‘ืœื• ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ืืขืค"ื› ื”ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ื—ืงื• ืืช ื”ืงืฅ.


ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืื’ืจืช ืชื™ืžืŸ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื–"ืœ ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ืจื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืž"ืž ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ื“ื—ื™ืงืช ื”ืงืฅ.


ื•ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืื’ืจืช ืชื™ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืœ ื”ื•ื, ื”ืœื ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื ื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืืœื ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื“ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ืฉ.


ื•ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ื›ืขืช ื”ื•ื” ืขืช ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืข"ื›, ืžื•ื›ื—ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ืฅ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืื”ื‘ืช ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื•ื–"ืœ ื‘ืื ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื ื•ืขื“ื• ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ืœื™ืœืš ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืืค"ื” ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœื™ืœืš ืฉืžื” ื›ื™ ื”ืงืฅ ืกืชื•ื ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืขืชื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืจืง ืขืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื” ืขื›"ืœ.


ื ืจืื” ืžื–ื” ื“ืื™ืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืฉืžื ืขืช ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืงืฅ ืกืชื•ื, ื•ืžื–ื” ื ื“ื—ื” ื’ื ื˜ืขื ื”ืื—ืจ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื“ื›ืฉื ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื– ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื”.


ื•ืžืฉ"ื› ื‘ื“ืฃ ืงืข"ื“ ื•ื‘ื“ืฃ ืงืค"ื– ื“ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ืœื™ืชื ื›ืœืœ. ืจืืฉื™ืช ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื•ื”"ืง ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ"ื— ืข"ื ื•ื–"ืœ, ื“ืื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื” ื—ื™ืœื ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื ื“ืงื•ื‘"ื” ื›ืœ ืžืœื›ื™ ืขืžื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•' ืœื ื™ืคืงื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืŸ ืขื‘ื“ื•ืชื ืขื›"ืœ.


ื•ื’ื ืžื•ื›ื—ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื”ื‘ืช ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื”ื "ืœ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืžื”ืจ"ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ืคืขืœื“ ืื‘"ื“ ืกืขืžื™ื”ืืœื™ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืฉืœื”"ืง ื‘ืฉื ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ืื ืžืชื›ื ืกื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื•ื”"ืข ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืจืขื ื“ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืžื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ืืช ืžื”ืกืชืจ ืคื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื ื—"ื• ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืžืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื›ืงื“ื•ื— ืืฉ ืชืงื“ื— ืื ื™ืชืขืกืงื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ื–ื”, ืขื›"ืœ.


ื•ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื‘ื“ืฃ ืจื™"ื’ ื”"ืœ, ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื–"ื” ืฉื”ื™' ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืงื‘ืœื ื• ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืข"ื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืžื’ืŸ ืขื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืขื›"ืœ. ืื™ื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืฉืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืงื‘ืœื ื• ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืกื•ืžืš ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื”ื "ืœ ืฉื‘ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื›ื•', ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืื—"ื› ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืข"ื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืžื’ืŸ ืขื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื, ื”ืœื ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื“ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืข"ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืœื ืข"ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืžื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื˜ ืคืกื•ืง ื˜ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.


ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื™ืงืจ ืจื™ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื•ื–"ืœ, ืืจ"ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ื•' ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืืžืจื• ื”ืขื›ื•"ื ืœืกื˜ื™ื ืืชื ื•ื›ื•', ื•ืงืฉื” ื•ืžื” ื‘ื›ืš ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฉื ื” ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื–ื” ืœืคื™ ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ื›ืคื™ืจื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ื›ื™ ื™ืืžืจื• ืœื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื™ืช ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ื“ืืœื™ื ื’ื‘ืจ, ื›ื™ ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืžืกื“ืจ ืขื ื™ื ื™ ืžื•ืฆืื• ื•ืžื•ื‘ืื•, ืœืžื” ืœื ืžื™ื—ื“, ื‘ื›ื ื›ืฉืœืงื—ืชื ื‘ื–ืจื•ืข ื“ืจืš ืœืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื–' ืื•ืžื•ืช ืขื›"ืœ. ื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืฉื™ืœื—ืžื• ืขื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืงื—ื• ืืจืฆื ืžื™ื“ื ื’ื•ืจื ื›ืคื™ืจื” ื—"ื•.


ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืืชื™ ืœืคืœืคืœ ื‘ื“ืฃ ืจื "ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืž"ื’ ืื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื™ืกื™, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืข"ืข ืืชืŸ ืงืฅ ืœืžื™ืœื™ ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื–ื”.


ื•ื”ืฉื™"ืช ื”ื—ื•ื ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื“ืขืช ื™ื—ื•ื ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ืขืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืืžืช ื•ืื– ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ืขื–ื”ื™"ืช ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ื‘"ื.


ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืงืจื•ื™ื™ืก ื‘ื”ื’ื”"ืฆ ืื‘ื“"ืง ืื•ื“ื•ื•ืืจื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ, ื . ื™.





ืจื‘ื™ ืž. ืื‘ืจืืžืกืึธืŸ[7] ื–ื™ืข"ื, ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืจืขื ื•ืจืขืฉ ื•ืจื•ื— ืื™ืŸ[8]

ื. ืดื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”ืด ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื”ื ื•ืจืื”...

ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืขื™ืงืจ ืžืืžืจื ื•, ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืดื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”ืด ืดืžืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ืชืด ืฉืœ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื ื• ืžืื–, ื”ืจื‘ ืจืณ ืžืขื ื“ืœ ืงืืฉืขืจ ื ืดื™, ืžื ื•ื ื™ืืจืง, ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.


ื”ื›ืœ ืฉื•ืืœื™ืŸ, ืจืณ ืžืขื ื“ืœ ืฉื‘ื ืขื•ืจื™ื• ืคื™ืงื— ื”ื™ืณ, ืžื” ืจืื” ืœืฉื˜ื•ืช ื–ื”, ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื‘ ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืžืœื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื—ื ื•ืคื” ื•ื™ืจืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืžืคื™ืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ืœืดื– ืืœื ืฉื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœืงื˜ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ืขื™ืงื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžืœืืš ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ื”ื™ืณ ืขื•ืžื“ ืžืžืขืœ ืœื• ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื•, ืžืขื ื“ืœืณื™, ื’ื“ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืงืจ ื•ื”ืš ืืช ื”ืืžืช ืœืจืกื™ืกื™ื.


ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื™ื’ื™ืขืชื• ื•ื˜ืจื—ืชื• ื”ืžื•ืคืจื–ืช, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื, ืฉืืฃ ืื ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื“ืื™ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืืœื ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ืขืดื™ ืื•ืžื”ืดืข, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืจืžื™ื–ื ื‘ืขืœืžื, ืฉื’ืื•ืœืชื ื• ืชื”ื™ืณ ื—"ื• ืขืดื™ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืจืฉืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืื—ืช ื“ืชื ื•ืžื˜ืจืชื ื•ืคืขื•ืœืชื ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ืช ืžืฉืจืฉื”. ื•ืืฃ ืื ื ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ื’ืจืžื• ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ืขืดื™ ืื•ืžื”ืดืข ื“ื•ืงื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื ืฉื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืขืงื™ืจืช ื”ื“ืช ื—"ื• ื•ืืœื•ืคื™ื ื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ืฉื•ื ืื™ ืชื•ื“ื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ืžืกื˜ืจื ื“ืฉืžืืœื. ื•ืœื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืจืณ ืžืขื ื“ืœ, ื›ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœื ื ื™ื‘ืื• ืœืคื™ืดื– ืืœื ืœื’ืื•ืœืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืชืื•ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืฉืคืœื•ืช ืจืดืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœื’ืื•ืœืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื—ืดื•, ื›ืชื›ื ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืœื•, ืฉืจืณ ืžืขื ื“ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชืื‘ืง ื‘ืขืคืจ ืจื’ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•.


ืžื™ื”ื• ื”ืขื•ืœื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื˜ืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืจืณ ืžืขื ื“ืœ, ืจืณ ืžืขื ื“ืœ ืงืืฉืขืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื• ืฉื ืชื’ื“ืœ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ืกื™ื“ ื•ื™ืจืดืฉ, ืชืดื— ื•ืฉื•ื ื ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื—ืก ืžืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืจืณ ืžืขื ื“ืœ ื™ื”ื™ืณ ื‘ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ื”ื’ื”"ืง ืจื‘ื™ ืžื ื—ื ื–ืขืžื‘ื ื•ื›ื•ืณ ื–ืฆืดืœ, ื”ื™ืดื“, ืฉืœื™ืžื“ื•ื”ื• ืœืจื—ืง ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืชื•ืขื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืณ ืžืขื ื“ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืจืคื” ืฉื‘ื•, ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืœืข ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื•ื˜ ืœืคืœื•ื˜, ื•ืื’ื‘ ื“ื˜ืจื™ื“ ืœืžื™ืคืœื˜ ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื•ืœื˜, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืžื”ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื•.


ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืณ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื”ืดืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœืžื”ืด ืกื—ื‘ื•ื”ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขื ืงื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื‘ื ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืืช ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืณ ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื“ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื ืืœืฅ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืขื•ืœ ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจืื‘ื™ื™ ืจื™ืคื•ืจืžื™ ื‘ืงื ื“ื ืœื”ืฆืœืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื•ืžืขืžื“ื•. ื‘ืจื ื”ืจืื‘ื™ื™ ื”ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื—ื” ื“ืขืชื• ื‘ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื“ืฃ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื• ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืืœื ื’ื ื”ื•ื›ืจื— ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ืดื”ืชื•ืจื”ืด ืฉืœื• ื‘ื”ื˜ืœืช ืกืคืง ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื•ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื— ื‘ื–ื” ืืช ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื’ืข ืขืœื™ื• ืงืฉื”.


ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืกืคืง ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ืณ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืขืชื• ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื• ืžื™ื“ื™ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช, ืœื ื”ื™ืณ ืžืœื›ืœืš ืืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื‘ืฉื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื–ืจื”, ื•ื”ื”ื›ืจื— ืœื ื™ื’ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืงื•ืœืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื’ื™ ื”ืื•ืจื˜ื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื—ืฉื• ืœืขื–ืจืชื•...


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ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืžืขืฉื”ื• ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืŸ ืžืขืฉื”ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืคื ืงืก ื”ืขื‘ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืขืช, ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขื™ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืžืกื›ืœื™ื ืืช ื“ืขืชื• ื•ืืช ืฉื›ืœื• ื”ื™ืฉืจ. ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืจืณ ืžืขื ื“ืœ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื—ื“ืดืช ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื•. ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื—ืฉื“ ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืžืื– ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ื”ื ืดืœ, ื•ื”ื›ื ืกืชื• ืžื”ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช. ื•ื”ื ื” ืื™ืงืœืขื™ ืœืืชืจื™ืณ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืื“ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื’ื™ืœื• ืืช ืื–ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืื•ืฆืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืกืœืฃ ืงืฆืช ื’ืžืจื•ืช, ืœืขืงื ืงืฆืช ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ืžื” ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ืืžืช... ื•ืœืชืช ื‘ื–ื” ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื™ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืดืก ื•ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืฉื™ื— ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื... ื—ืก ืžืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืจืณ ืžืขื ื“ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื•ื ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื ืชืคืก ืขืœ ืฆืขืจื•, ื•ื”ืงื•ืœืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืงืจืชื ืฉืœื ื—ืฉื• ืœืขื–ืจืชื• ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืœืฉื™ืงื•ื˜ ืžืฆื‘ื•, ื›ื™ ืื– ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืกืคืง ืœื ื”ื™ืณ ืžื›ื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ืดื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”ืด, ืื‘ืœ ืดื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื”ื ื•ืจืื”ืด.


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ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื ืžืขืฉื” ืฉื˜ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—, ื•ื‘ืชื™ื•ื•ื›ื• ืฉืœ ืจืื‘ื™ื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื‘ื ื•ื ื™ืืจืง, ืขืœื” ืœื• ืœืจืณ ืžืขื ื“ืœ ืงืืฉืขืจ, ืœืงื‘ืœ ื’ื ืกื›ื•ื ืขืฆื•ื ืžื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ื—ืกื™ื“ ืขืฉื™ืจ ืžื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•ื ื™ืืจืง. ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื• ืฉื”ื™ืณ ื—ื™ ื”ื™ืณ ืžื ื”ื’ื• ืœืชืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืŸ ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื›ืฉืžืช ื•ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ืขืฉืจื• ืœืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื•, ื ื˜ื• ื”ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื“ืจื›ื™ ืื‘ื™ื”ื ื•ืคืกืงื• ืžืœืชืช ืฆื“ืงื”, ืื•ืœื ื ืชื ื• ืกื›ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืจืณ ืžืขื ื“ืœ ืงืืฉืขืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื”ื–ื”. ื”ืจืื‘ื™ื™ ื”ื ืดืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื, ืฉื‘ืžืชืŸ ื–ื” ืชื”ื™ืณ ื›ืคืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื•ื™ืคื˜ืจื• ืžื›ืœ ืžืชืŸ ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืขืชื™ื“.


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ืดื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”ืด ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื•, ื ื•ืฆืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœื ื’ื— ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ืขื”ื’ื•ืขื”ืดืช ืžืืช ื”ื’ื”ืดืง ื”ืื“ืžื•ืดืจ ืฉืœื™ื˜ืดื ืžืกืื˜ืžืืจ, ื•ืืขืดืค ืฉืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื ื‘ืฉืžื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ืื” ื™ืจืื” ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืœืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืืฉืคืชื•.


ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื ื™ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ื ื—ื–ื”, ื ืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ื”. ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคื›ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื—ื“, ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆื” ืืœ ื”ืงืฆื”.


ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ื™ื•ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ื”ืกืคืจ ืขื”ื’ื•ืขื”ืดืช, ืชื›ื ืŸ ื”ืจื™ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื. ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœื• ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื”ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœื•.


ืœื ืชืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื— ืืช ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื, ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ืขื”ื’ื•ืขื”ืดืช ื›ื”ืœื›ื” ืคืกื•ืงื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื”. ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื’ื•ืคื ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžืงื•ืจืื™ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืœื™ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืกืคืจื•, ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื™ื•ืืœ ืžืฉื”. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžืชื ืช ื—ืœืงื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ, ื•ื–ื›ืื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื—ื›ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื’ืข ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ืขืช ืขืฆืžื• ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื”ืœืš ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ืชื ืคืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืฉืดืข ืื• ื‘ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื” ืœื•, ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืคืกืง ื”ืœื›ืชื ืžื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืžืœืชื ืœืžืœืชื ื›ืคื™ ื“ืขืช ืชื•ืจืชื• ื•ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื•ื. ืื•ืœื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื”ืดืง ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ื•ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืขื”ืดืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืขื•ืฆื ืชื•ืงืฃ ื’ืื•ื ื•ืชื• ื•ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืชื•, ื”ืชื™ื™ื’ืข ื•ืขืžืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื•ืจื” ื•ืฉื•ืจื”, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืžืœื” ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•, ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ื ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืฉื•ืจื” ื•ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ื ืกื•ืœืช ื ืงื™ืณ, ืจื•ื•ื™ื” ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช, ืขืžืงื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ, ืžืงื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ืฆื“ืงื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืจืฉืช, ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื ืจื•ืžืžื” ื•ื—ืจื“ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืœื” ืœื ื™ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืชื ื’ื“ื• ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฃ ืœืขืฆื ืžืกืงื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืคืฉื™ ืฉื‘ื”.


ื•ืขืชื” ื ืคื ื” ื ื ืืœ ืฉืžืืœ, ืืœ ืจืณ ืžืขื ื“ืœ ื•ืืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆืจ ืดื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”ืด. ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืœืžื“ ืคืขื ื“ืฃ ื’ืžืจื ืฉื•ืืœ ื‘ืชืžื”ื•ืŸ, ืžื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ, ืžื” ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืขื ื™. ืฆืจื™ืš ืืชื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ, ืœืžืฆื ืื™ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื. ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืช, ืขืœ ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช, ืขืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืจืณ ืžืขื ื“ืœ ืžืขื•ื“ื• ืฉื‘ื™ืœื” ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื• ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ื‘ืชืจ ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™. ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ื”ืดืค, ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืคืฉื˜ ื”ืžืงืจื ื•ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื•ื“ืื™, ื’ื ืจืณ ืžืขื ื“ืœ ื”ืชื™ื’ืข, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื™ื’ืข ืœืคื˜ื ืืช ืคื ืงืกื• ื”ืžืจื•ืงืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ืณ ื›ืจืกื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฉืดื , ืฉืžื ืช ืขื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืžืŸ ื•ืขื‘, ืฉื™ื˜ื™ืœ ืื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืกืจื™ ื“ืขืช, ืฉื™ืชืคืขืœื• ืœืžืจืื” ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื ืงื™ ื”ื–ื”. (ืขืœ ืœื‘ืœืจื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืจืขื™ืฉื• ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืœื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ืคืจื ืกืชื, ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื• ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื›ื™ืกื ืžืขื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื”).


ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ื”ืฉื ื˜ืขื” ื‘ื›ืคืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืชืณ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืื•ืช ืชืณ ื”ื™ื ืืžืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ื”ืืžืช. ื”ืฉื ื”ื™ืณ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืดื”ืงื•ืคื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”ืด ื•ืืžื ื ื”ื™ื ืงื•ืคื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืœืื”, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืœื™ื, ื‘ื‘ื ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืื™, ื”ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื—ืœื ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื“ืขืชื•, ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืฉืžืข ืžื—ื–ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืงืจื ื•ืช[9], ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืคื˜ืคื•ื˜ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืดืงื•ืœ ืชื•ืจืดื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื”, ืงื•ืœ ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืžืฆืคืฆืคื™ื ื‘ืื–ื ื™ื• ื›ืžื• ืœืžื—ืžื“ ื‘ืฉืขืชื•, ื‘ืชืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื–ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืœื‘ืœื‘ืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ืืžื™ื ื• ืฉืืžื ื ืขื ืง ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจืก ืžืขื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื• ื ืชื’ืœื• ืฆืคื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื”.


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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืคืœื ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ื“ืจืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืžื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœื—ืจื“ื™ื, ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ืคืฉื™ื, ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื“ืจืฉื• ืœื—ืคืฉื™ื ื•ืœืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื”, ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื“ื•ื—ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืœื ืชืขืฉื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ื ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ ื”ื—ืคืฉื™ื ืœืขื•ื•ืชื™ ื•ืœื ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ื™.


ืขื›ืดืค ื›ืœ ืงื•ืจื ืžืืžืจื™, ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉื›ื™ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื[10] ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืœืื• ื‘ื—ื“ื ืžื—ืชื ื ืžื“ื“ื™ื. ื”ืื—ื“[11] ื›ืชื‘ ืžืชื•ืš ื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ืžื• ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืชื•ืงืงื•ืช ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™[12] - ืžืชื•ืš ื–ื“ื•ืŸ ืœื‘, ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ื•ืจื“ื™ืคืช ืฉืœืžื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ืชื’ืขื’ืขื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื–ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื›ื ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฉืชืคืœื•ืช.


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ื“ื•ืจื ื•, ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืขืงื‘ืชื ื“ืžืฉื™ื—ื, ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ืžืจืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ืŸ ื•ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช ืžืกืคืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืขื ื–ื• ื•ืžืกืชืขืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขืงืจื• ืžืฉืจืฉื• ื—ืดื•, ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœื• ืžื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ืฅ. ื’ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืงื•ืžืžื• ืขืœ ื“ืณ ื•ืขืœ ืชื•ืจืชื• ืœื“ื—ื•ืง ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืœืžื“ ืžืชื•ืจืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื, ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืคืงืจื•ืชื ื“ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื ื™ื—ื ืœื™ืณ ืœืžืืจื™ืณ ืœื™ืขื‘ื™ื“ ื”ื›ื™. ืื•ืœื ืœื ืืœืžืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžื—ื ื” ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื›ื— ื•ืืžื™ืฆื™ ืœื‘ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ื›ืŸ ืœืœื—ื•ื ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืœื‘ื ืœื ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืžืจืื” ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื ืคื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉื’ื ื ืชื’ื“ืœื• ืขืœ ืžื‘ื•ืขื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื’ื ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉืžื•ืจ ืœืœื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ื”ื™ื›ื ื‘ืกื ื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื’ืจืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ื˜ืื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืชื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื.


ื‘ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื— ื”ื–ื”, ืืฉืจื™ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ืณ, ืืฉืจ ืœื ื ืฉื ืœืฉื•ื ื ืคืฉื•, ืœืกื˜ื•ืช ืžื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื“ ืืฃ ื‘ืขื“ ื‘ืฆืข ื›ืกืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืœืš ื™ืœืš.




ื›"ืง ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ืžื—ื‘"ื“, ืจื‘ื™ ืžื ื—ื ืžื ื“ืœ ืฉื ื™ืื•ืจืกืื”ืŸ ื–ื™ืข"ื, ืฉื™ื—ื•"ืง, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืชืฉืœ"ื

...ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืข"ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื—ืฉืš ื›ืคื•ืœ ื•ืžื›ื•ืคืœ, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื›ื–ื• ืฉืœื ื”ื™ ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ื' ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” 'ืขืฆืžืื•ืช', ื•ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™' ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืืชื—ืœืชื ื“ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืฆื” ืคื” ื•ืžืฆืคืฆืฃ ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื–ื” "ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”" ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื›ื•'


[ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืžืœืงื˜: ื›ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื•]

















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[1] ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืงืจื•ื™ื– ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื - ืฉืžืฉืžืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืื‘ื“ืงืดืง ืื•ื“ื•ื•ืืจื™, ืžื—"ืก ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืขื”"ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื โ€“ ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœื•ื ื‘"ืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืงืจื•ื™ื– ื–ื™ืข"ื, (ืื‘ื“ืงืดืง ืื•ื“ื•ื•ืืจื™ ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืขื™' ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืืžืกืžืจื’, ืžื—ืดืก ืฉื•ืดืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืœื•ื ื—ืดื—, ื•ืฉื"ืก ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืขื”"ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื), ื ื›ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืงืจื•ื™ื– ื–ื™ืข"ื, ื ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœื•ื ืงืจื•ื™ื– ื–ื™ืข"ื (ืื‘ื“ืงืณืณืง ืœืขื’ืขื ื™ืขืžื™ื”ืืœื™ ื™ืข"ื), ื—ื™ืžืฉ ืฉืœ "ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืžื˜ืฉืขื‘ื™ืฉืขื•ื•ื™ืฅ" ื–ื™ืข"ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ืžืฉ ืœืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘"ืจ ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื™ื– ื–ื™ืข"ื ืžื˜ืฉืขื ื’ืขืจ ื•ืœืžืขื‘ืดืง), ื•ืœืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืข'ืœื™ ืงืจืขืกื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืข"ื.


[2] ืžื•ื‘ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ 'ื”ืžืื•ืจ', ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ, ืชืžื•ื– ื”'ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ืฉื ื” ื›"ื, ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื• (ืงืคื“), ืขืž' 16-18


[3] ืœืืคื•ืงื™ ืžืชืงื•ืคืชื ื• ืฉื ืงืจืืช "ืขืงื‘ืชื ื“ืžืฉื™ื—ื", ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื ืืžืจ ืžืœื‘ื“ ื›ืš ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืช, ื’ื ืฉ"ื”ื™ื•ืงืจ ื™ืืžื™ืจ". ืื–ื™ ืฉื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœ"ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืงืฅ ืžื’ื•ืœื” ื•ื’ื•'"


[4] ื•ืงื˜ืข ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื”ืกืคืจ 'ื“ื•ื‘ื‘ ืฉืคืชื™ ื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื', ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืื™ืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื•... ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื•, ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ืžื”, ืจืง ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื


[5] ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืชื™ืžื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืงื•ืžื•ืช, ืœืงืฆืฅ/ืœื“ืœื’/"ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืจื•ื— ื”ื–ืžืŸ" ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช.


[6] ื•ืจืื” ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืชื‘ื ื•, ื•ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื


[7] ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืงืจื•ื™ื– ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื - ืฉืžืฉืžืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืื‘ื“ืงืดืง ืื•ื“ื•ื•ืืจื™, ืžื—"ืก ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืขื”"ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื โ€“ ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœื•ื ื‘"ืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืงืจื•ื™ื– ื–ื™ืข"ื, (ืื‘ื“ืงืดืง ืื•ื“ื•ื•ืืจื™ ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืขื™' ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืืžืกืžืจื’, ืžื—ืดืก ืฉื•ืดืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืœื•ื ื—ืดื—, ื•ืฉื"ืก ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืขื”"ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื), ื ื›ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืงืจื•ื™ื– ื–ื™ืข"ื, ื ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœื•ื ืงืจื•ื™ื– ื–ื™ืข"ื (ืื‘ื“ืงืณืณืง ืœืขื’ืขื ื™ืขืžื™ื”ืืœื™ ื™ืข"ื), ื—ื™ืžืฉ ืฉืœ "ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืžื˜ืฉืขื‘ื™ืฉืขื•ื•ื™ืฅ" ื–ื™ืข"ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ืžืฉ ืœืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘"ืจ ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื™ื– ื–ื™ืข"ื ืžื˜ืฉืขื ื’ืขืจ ื•ืœืžืขื‘ืดืง), ื•ืœืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืข'ืœื™ ืงืจืขืกื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืข"ื.


[8] ืžื•ื‘ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ 'ื”ืžืื•ืจ', ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ, ืชืžื•ื– ื”'ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ืฉื ื” ื›"ื, ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื• (ืงืคื“), ืขืž' 23-25


[9] ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืกื™ืฃ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืกื™ืขื• ืช"ื—


[10] ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉื›ืจ ื“ื‘ ื˜ื™ื™ื›ื˜ืœ ื”ื™"ื“ ื–ื™ืข"ื ื•ืžื ื—ื ืžื ื“ืœ ื›ืฉืจ


[11] ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉื›ืจ ื“ื‘ ื˜ื™ื™ื›ื˜ืœ ื”ื™"ื“ ื–ื™ืข"ื


[12] ืžื ื—ื ืžื ื“ืœ ื›ืฉืจ (ืื• ื˜ืจืฃ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื”ื’ ื”ื’ืจื™"ื– ืžื‘ืจื™ืกืง ื–ื™ืข"ื ืœื›ื ื•ืชื•)

ืžืœื—ืžืช ืžืฆื•ื” ื›ืจื™ื›ื” - ื”ื“ืžื™ื”_edited.jpg
ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืงื“ืžื™ืช - ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ืก.jpg
ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืจ-ื›ื•ื–ื™ื‘ื.jpg
ื”ื“ืžื™ื” ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื”ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ ืืชื›ื-ื—ื ื•ืช.jpg
ื”ื“ืžื™ื” ืกืคืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื”ืจ.jpg

ืื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ 'ืื”ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ' (ืฉืื™ื ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ).

            

ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ื ืชืงืœืช ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ-ืžื”, ืื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื ืฉืžื— ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื.

ืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื ื•

  • ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื”ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ ืืชื›ื ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ
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